Circuit breaker play vital role in Home and industries for protection of human and electrical device. Different types of Circuit breaker used in Home and Industries for protection, like MCB,MCCB,RCCB,ELCB,RCBO,MPCB,RCD. We have understand all Types of Circuit breaker used in Home and Industries.
MCB or miniature circuit breaker is used in both Home and Industrial application as per load requirement.
An MCB or miniature circuit breaker is an electromagnetic device that embodies complete enclosure in a molded insulating material. The main function of an MCB is to switch the circuit, i.e., to open the circuit (which has been connected to it) automatically when the current passing through it (MCB) exceeds the value for which it is set.
It can be manually switched ON and OFF as similar to normal switch if necessary. MCBs are of time delay tripping devices, to which the magnitude of overcurrent controls the operating time. This means, these get operated whenever overload exist long enough to create a danger to the circuit being protected.
Therefore, MCBs doesn’t respond to transient loads such as switches surges and motor starting currents. Generally, these are designed to operate at less than 2.5 milliseconds during short circuit faults and 2 seconds to 2 minutes in case of overloads (depending on the level of current).
MCCB or Molded case circuit breaker
MCCB or Molded case circuit breaker provide faster fault detection devices, which operate much before the short circuit current reaches its peak value to provide safety cover to the breaker.
The MCCBs shall be suitable for 440/415/380V, 50/60 Hz, 3 phase, 3 wire supply. The MCCB should be designed to sense a fault state and complete trippingaction of MCCB in less than 10 m sec. The thermal rating of MCCB should be greater than or equal to the equipment full load current.
Type-B MCCB use for domestic application, Type-C MCCB use for commercial application, Type-D&K MCCB use for commercial and industrial application, Type-Z use for highly sensitive devise application.
ELCB or Earth leakage circuit breaker
ELCB or Earth leakage circuit breaker is used in both Home and Industrial application for protection of Human and animal.
An ELCB is one kind of safety device used for installing an electrical device with high earth impedance to avoid shock. These devices identify small stray voltages of the electrical device on the metal enclosures and intrude the circuit if a dangerous voltage is identified.
The main purpose of Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is to stop damage to humans & animals due to electric shock. An ELCB is a specific type of latching relay that has a structure’s incoming mains power associated through its switching contacts so that the circuit breaker detaches the power in an unsafe condition.
The ELCB notices fault currents of human or animal to the earth wire in the connection it guards. If ample voltage seems across the ELCB’s sense coil, it will turn off the power, and remain off until manually rearrange. A voltage sensing ELCB doesn’t detect fault currents from human or animal to the earth.
RCCB or Residual current circuit breaker
RCCB works on the Kirchhoff’s principle that in an electrical circuit the incoming current is the same as out going current.RCCB incorporates a core balance transformer having primary and secondary windings and a sensitive relay for instantaneous detection of fault signal.
When test button pressed, artificial fault current create and RCCB trip. RCCB can install after check it’s operation.
It provides short circuit fire protection, ground fault fire protection.Tripping current designed for additional protection against direct contact, the 30 mA RCCB protects against leakage currents and indirect contact with earth loop impedance up to 167 ohms; for use as additional protection against direct contact, residual tripping current must not exceed 30 mA.
300mA RCCB means lees sensitive protection suitable for large installations having high levels of leakage current: 300 mA RCCB’s protect against leakage current and indirect contact up to 167 ohms earth loop impedance.
RCBO or Residual Current circuit Breaker with Overload protection
A RCBOs combines the functions of a MCB and a RCD in one unit. They are used to protect a particular circuit, instead of having a single RCD for the whole building. Generally these are used more often in commercial building than domestic ones.
Tripping Test and Performance of Test Device is require for better performance of RCBO.
Tripping Test:
Sensitivity Test: The RCCB should trip at a value of pre decided residual current (IAn); and should not trip at a value of 0.5 IAn.
Speed of Operation Test: During the sensitivity trip test, time of tripping is recorded and compared with the limit. Performance of Device Test: To check the function of the push button, whether the RCCB trips when push button is pressed.
MPCB or Motor Protection circuit breaker
The main function of MPCB is, it will trip when the motor draws current exceeding the set limit. The Motor may draw the excessive current due to line to line fault, overload, phase unbalance.MPCB deals with the above faults and provide the protections by combination of two protection system i.e. thermal relay for overload & phase unbalance and magnetic release (coil) for short circuit faults.
MPCB is selected based on the fullload current of the motor and the maximum possible value of short circuit current.There is no need of an overload protection relay in the motor circuit with the MPCB, as it has inbuilt overload protection feature.
Modern MPCBs are designed to have auto-resetting feature so that the motor can resume its operation after a short period from occurrence of an overload trip.Modern MPCBs are designed to have auto-resetting feature so that the motor can resume its operation after a short period from occurrence of an overload trip.
RCD or Residual Current Protective Devices
Residual current protective devices protect against dangerous electric shocks caused by indirect contact. They are used for personal, material and fire protection, as well as for additional protection against direct contact. Special applications require special solutions: for example, personal and fire protection, as well as in networks loaded with direct current or installed in aggressive environments.
The RCD has built incondensation protection to ensure maximum safety and durability even under harsh conditions such as gas or moisture in the ambient air. RCDs can be wired to protect a single or a number of circuits – the advantage of protecting individual circuits is that if one circuit trips, it will not shut down the whole house, just the protected circuit.
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