Capacitor Bank Protection
Introduction The protection of shunt capacitor banks against internal faults involves several protective devices/ elements in a coordinated scheme. Typically, […]
Electrical Substation
Electrical Substation
Electrical Substation
Capacitor Bank Design
Introduction The protection of shunt capacitor banks requires understanding the basics of capacitor bank design and capacitor unit connections. Shunt
Electrical Substation
Shunt Capacitor Bank Unit and Bank configuration
Capacitor Unit The capacitor unit, Fig-A, is the building block of a shunt capacitor bank. The capacitor unit is made
Electrical Substation
Waveform Distortion: DC offset, Harmonics, Notching, Noise
What is Waveform Distortion? Waveform distortion is defined as a steady-state deviation from an ideal sine wave of power frequency
Electrical Substation
What is Voltage Sag and Swell in Power quality
What is Sag (dips) in Power quality? A sag is a decrease to between 0.1 and 0.9 pu in rms
Electrical Substation
Electrical Substation: Standard Practice and Maintenance Points
Introduction A modern electrical power system catering to huge energy demands are spread over extensive areas. It contains several major
Electrical Substation
Current Transformer: Definition, working, Burden and open circuit condition
Definition of Current Transformer Current Transformer (CT) are used for reducing / stepping down ac current from higher value to
Electrical Substation
Insulation resistance and Polarizing Index(P.I)
What is Insulation Resistance? Insulation resistance (IR) of an electrical equipment refers to the resistance between conducting part and earth.
Electrical Substation
Calculation of Relay Operating Time
Step for Calculation of Relay Operating Time In order to calculate the actual relay operating time, the following things must
Electrical Substation
What is Power System and Structure of Power system
What is Power System? The power system is a network which contain generation, distribution and transmission system. It involves process
Electrical Substation
Types of tests in power system according to IEEE Standard
Application certification type tests in the factory or laboratory The objective of application certification type tests (also known as functional
Electrical Substation
What is Tan delta cable testing
What is Tan Delta testing of Cable? Tan Delta, also called Loss Angle or Dissipation Factor, is a diagnostic method
Electrical Substation
Current transformer (CT) winding arrangement
Several Current transformer CT winding arrangements are used. These are described in the following sections. Wound primary type This type
Electrical Substation
Time and Current grading of Overcurrent Relay
Among the various possible methods used to achieve correct Overcurrent relay co-ordination are those using either time or overcurrent, or
Electrical Substation
Basic of Alternating Current(AC) and detail overview
What is Alternating Current(AC) ? Alternating current is the rate of flow of electrical charge through a conductor. I =
Electrical Substation
What is Tripping circuit and Trip circuit Supervision relay
Tripping Circuit There are three main circuits in use for circuit breaker tripping: Series sealing Shunt reinforcing Shunt reinforcement with
Electrical Substation
Protective Relay testing- Type test on Protective Relay
Type tests on Relay Type tests are required to prove that a relay meets the published specification and complies with
Electrical Substation
Power line carrier communication (PLCC) in Substation
What is PLCC (Power Line Carrier Communication) PLCC is used for tele-communication, tele-monitoring and teleprotection between electric substations through high
Electrical Substation
Types of Relay used in power system in detail
What is Relay? It is necessary to remove a fault from the power system as quickly as possible for healthy
Electrical Substation
What is Flexible Alternating Current Transmission and FACT device
What is Flexible Alternating Current Transmission or FACTs FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve transmission
Electrical Substation
What is Power quality measurement and Power quality measurement device
What Is Power quality measurement Solving power quality problems depends on acquiring meaningful data at the optimum location or locations
Electrical Substation
Bus bar protection scheme in a substation
Introduction of Bus bar protection Bus bar protection scheme shall be provided for 220KV system where the sub-station layout arrangement
Electrical Substation
DC distribution in 132 KV, 220 KV, 400 KV Control and Relay Panel in substation
DC distribution for 400KV system Two sets of batteries (220v), their respective chargers and DC boards shall be used for
Electrical Substation
What is Float charging and Boost Charging of battery
What is Battery charger Battery charger is battery charging equipment which used float and boost charging techniques for battery charging.
Electrical Substation
What is Reactive Power and Reactive Power compensation,it’s calculation
Definition of Reactive Power Reactive power(VARs) is defined as the amount of power that remains unused and gets generated within
Electrical Substation
Case studies on Method for replacing faulty battery cell in electrical substation
How to replace faulty Battery Cell in Electrical Substation If we want to replace the battery cell named “B”. Now
Electrical Substation
What is Battery and their charging method in Electrical Substation
Definition In science and technology, Battery is a device that stores chemical energy and makes it available in an electrical
Electrical Substation
What is Lightning Arrester(LA) and their Leakage current measurement(LCM) testing
Definition Lightning Arrester (LA)/surge arrester is a protective device used for limiting the affect of surge voltages on the equipment
Electrical Substation
Understand Relay and their Logic. What is Numeric relay?
Definition An electric device that is designed to respond to input conditions in a prescribed manner and, after specified conditions
Electrical Substation
What is Power factor and their calculation formula
Definition The Power Factor (P.F.) is a ratio of the real power that is used to do work and the